close
MODERN WORLD HISTORY
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1900-1939
Treaty of Versailles
Opinions of Versailles
OPINIONS SUMMARY
The table summarises how the Treaty of Versailles was the hated treaty:
OPINIONS OF VERSAILLES
1. Germany:
hated everything about the treaty
- angry that they had not been allowed to negotiate
- 'Deutsche Zeitung'. a German newspaper, vowed: "We will never stop until we win back what we deserve."
- Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, leader of the German delegation at Versailles said Article 231 (the war-guilt clause) was "a lie". Germany officially denied the war-guilt clause in 1927
- a revolution (the Kapp Putsch) against the treaty in Berlin in 1920
- hated reparations -- had to be made to pay in 1921, defaulted in 1923 and eventually, Hitler refused to pay altogether
2. Britain:
gained some German colonies and the German navy was destroyed, but
- Lloyd Geroge thought the treaty was too harsh, saying:" We shall have to fight another war again in 25 years time."
- British diplomat Harold Nicolson called it "neither just nor wise" and the people who made it "stupid"
- economist John Maynard Keynes prophesied that reparations would ruin the economy of Europe
3. France:
got Alsace-Lorraine, German colonies, harsh reparations and a tiny German army, but
- many French people wanted an independent, not a demilitarised Rhineland
- most French people did not think the League of Nations (LON) would protect them against Germany
4. America
Woodrow Wilson got the LON and a new nation-states were set up in Eastern Europe, but
- Wilson thought the treaty was far too harsh
- self-determinations proved impossible to implement - neither Czechoslovakia or Yugoslavia survived as united countries
- many Americans did not want to get involved in Europe, and in 1920, the American Senate refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles or join the LON
The above information was taken from a BBC website: BBC - GCSE Bitesize, from the History Section
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1900-1939
Treaty of Versailles
Opinions of Versailles
OPINIONS SUMMARY
The table summarises how the Treaty of Versailles was the hated treaty:
| Germans | British | French | Americans | |
| League of Nations | Hated it | OK | Hated it | Hated it |
| Guilt Clause | Hated it | OK | OK | Hated it |
| German army reduced | Hated it | Hated it | OK | Hated it |
| Reparations | Hated it | Hated it | OK | Hated it |
| German lost land | Hated it | Hated it | Hated it | Hated it |
OPINIONS OF VERSAILLES
1. Germany:
hated everything about the treaty
- angry that they had not been allowed to negotiate
- 'Deutsche Zeitung'. a German newspaper, vowed: "We will never stop until we win back what we deserve."
- Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, leader of the German delegation at Versailles said Article 231 (the war-guilt clause) was "a lie". Germany officially denied the war-guilt clause in 1927
- a revolution (the Kapp Putsch) against the treaty in Berlin in 1920
- hated reparations -- had to be made to pay in 1921, defaulted in 1923 and eventually, Hitler refused to pay altogether
2. Britain:
gained some German colonies and the German navy was destroyed, but
- Lloyd Geroge thought the treaty was too harsh, saying:" We shall have to fight another war again in 25 years time."
- British diplomat Harold Nicolson called it "neither just nor wise" and the people who made it "stupid"
- economist John Maynard Keynes prophesied that reparations would ruin the economy of Europe
3. France:
got Alsace-Lorraine, German colonies, harsh reparations and a tiny German army, but
- many French people wanted an independent, not a demilitarised Rhineland
- most French people did not think the League of Nations (LON) would protect them against Germany
4. America
Woodrow Wilson got the LON and a new nation-states were set up in Eastern Europe, but
- Wilson thought the treaty was far too harsh
- self-determinations proved impossible to implement - neither Czechoslovakia or Yugoslavia survived as united countries
- many Americans did not want to get involved in Europe, and in 1920, the American Senate refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles or join the LON
The above information was taken from a BBC website: BBC - GCSE Bitesize, from the History Section
全站熱搜
留言列表
